Senior dog arthritis: recognise it early, track it calmly

Osteoarthritis — OA for short — is one of the most common causes of chronic pain in older dogs. Large breeds, and dogs with a history of cruciate rupture or hip dysplasia, are affected especially often.

The tricky part: dogs often barely show pain. What we read as "he's just getting older" — slower to rise, less keen on the stairs — can already be the start of joint inflammation that quietly worsens over months.

How arthritis begins

In a healthy joint, smooth cartilage glides on a thin film of joint fluid. In arthritis, that cartilage becomes thinner and rougher. The body tries to compensate by building new bone — the typical bony spurs (osteophytes) on an X-ray. The result is a joint that no longer moves cleanly, becomes inflamed, and hurts with movement.

Hips, knees (especially after a cruciate rupture), elbows and shoulders are commonly affected. In chondrodystrophic breeds such as the Dachshund or French Bulldog, the spine is often added to the list.

Early signs that are easy to miss

The following changes are not simply "age." They are clues to a joint problem that deserves a check-up.

• Stiffness after rising that "walks off" after a few minutes of movement
• Hesitating at jumps that used to be easy (into the car, onto the bed)
• Shorter steps; brief limping after a lot of activity
• A changed sleeping position — always the same side, no more curling up
• Less interest in long walks, more pauses on the way
• A subtle growl or turn-away when stroked in certain spots (often hips, lower back)
• More irritability with other animals — pain shortens fuses

Why waiting isn't a good idea

Arthritis progresses. Pain and inflammation, though, can be influenced. Early treatment can break the cycle of pain → less movement → muscle loss → more joint load → more pain. The earlier you raise it, the more options you and your vet have.

Keep a record of quality of life

Regular, structured observation helps more than memory. Three simple questions you can answer daily or weekly:

• Mobility — how easily does your dog get up; how smoothly does he move?
• Pain — do you see pain cues (panting at rest, altered posture, avoidance)?
• Appetite — is he eating with the same enthusiasm as a few months ago?

A downward trend over a week or two is a much clearer signal than "he seems worse to me." Senicure's daily check-in records exactly these points and shows you the trend — including in the report for your vet.

What your vet may offer

Modern arthritis care combines several building blocks. This article names drug classes deliberately without doses — those belong in the consultation room.

Anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)

Agents such as meloxicam, carprofen, robenacoxib or firocoxib relieve pain and inflammation. They're often used long-term and need regular blood checks. Never give ibuprofen, diclofenac or anything else from your own medicine cabinet — these can be life-threatening for dogs.

Antibody therapy

Bedinvetmab is an antibody against nerve growth factor (NGF), given as a monthly injection. For some dogs who don't tolerate anti-inflammatories well, it's an option — ask your vet.

Joint and cartilage support

Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA), glucosamine, chondroitin or pentosan polysulfate injections are also used. How much they help varies from dog to dog — talk specifics with your vet.

Weight

For many overweight dogs this is the single biggest lever: even moderate weight loss can noticeably take load off the joints. Ask for a realistic target and a plan.

Physiotherapy and hydrotherapy

Underwater treadmill, targeted exercises and massage help build the muscle that stabilises the joint. Many practices can refer you to a veterinary physiotherapist.

What you can do at home

1. Non-slip floors: rugs on laminate or tiles prevent painful slips.
2. Orthopaedic bed: a thicker mattress takes load off the joints during sleep.
3. Ramp, not jump: sofa, bed and car — small loads add up over the years.
4. Adjust walks: several shorter, even walks rather than one long weekend hike.
5. Warmth: many dogs find a mild heat pack after activity comforting — check with your vet that it suits your dog.

When it becomes a quality-of-life conversation

In advanced arthritis there may come a point where pain can no longer be controlled well enough. Then it's about an honest look at quality of life: good days versus bad days, joy in favourite things, appetite, mobility. Your vet will help you frame it — and it's fine to have that conversation earlier rather than later.

In summary

Arthritis is common and progressive, but it can be managed well — when it's recognised early and several approaches are combined. Keep your dog lean, keep a record, and say the word "arthritis" to your vet before the limp becomes routine.